A Scientometric Analysis Of Nuclear Medicine Technology Dissertation

A Scientometric Analysis Of Nuclear Medicine Technology - Dissertation Example Both diagnostic medical sonography and the nuclear medicine technology are similar to one another in the sense that both sonography and nuclear technology are used in the study of medicine as a tool for diagnosing and screening of various diseases (i.e. signs of malignant bone lesions, bone infections, or any kind of stress that can causes pain on the patients (Archive, 2015), appendicitis (Gjelsteen et al., 2008), pelvic pain, suspected for adnexal masses, or the presence of ectopic pregnancy (Busse, 2010; Gjelsteen et al., 2008), and various cancer diseases such as breast cancer, (vans & Bates, 2005), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (Gao et al., 2014), large hepatocelluclar carcinoma or malignant hepatoma (Hill & Hill, 2014), and ovarian cancer. The only difference between diagnostic medical sonography and the nuclear medicine technology is that diagnostic medical sonography is using a special type of technology that emits no ionizing radiation that could harm the patients’ current health condition. Based on the term nuclear, the nuclear medicine technology emits different kind of ionizing radiation which could negatively affect the patients’ health condition when excessively exposed to radiation (i.e. 131I, 90Y, 18F, and 67Ga, etc.) (Eckerman & Endo, 2008; European Pharmacopoeia, 2005). characteristics of the past and current studies published online. Often times, a scientometric analysis can be performed as a way to evaluate the work performance of a specific research group or universities, a country, and a group of researcher or scientist (Dutton and Jeffreys, 2010, p. 45). In line with this, the main idea of my dissertation is to conduct a scientometric analysis of scholarly productivity in diagnostic medical sonography vs. nuclear medicine technology. In general, a scientometric analysis can be performed to analyze and measure the usage of journal publications, its credibility and current position as a research institute (Reber & Brossard, 2013).

Learning Journey Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Learning Journey Report - Essay Example Based on everyday encounter with people at home, at work, and elsewhere, this is true indeed and each time I engage myself to communicate with others, I feel a sense of relief at having experienced one basic nature of human being. As a learning individual, I have observed that communication enhances my capacity toward self-awareness such that I can determine my personal judgment and feeling over something out of the natural response to stimuli from people who assume different life roles in relation to me. I learn that becoming educated is a natural process of growth to maturity that depends on the learner’s enthusiasm and willingness to be subjected to the varying complexities of obtaining and sharing knowledge with fellow learners. Though I notice that it has been a typical concern to identify factors that affect student learning and often, the skills and knowledge of an academic instructor are readily assumed to take the key function of evaluating how teaching methods impact learning, communication still plays the crucial part. More than merely satisfying the fundamental necessity of gaining information, communication has made me acknowledge the value in understanding and being understood by my educator. As part of the team, I have found that my self-concept is constantly evolving in my attempt to conform to the organization and behave according to the culture and general attitude of the team in achieving the desired ends. Defining self proceeds as I seek fulfillment in effective communication which requires not only active participation in the activities but even understanding the strengths and weaknesses alike in people and circumstances within a social sphere from which driving force to come about a change or evolution may be derived. In this course, there have been several times I manage to observe that my own behavior is modified depending on the manner by which I perceive an arriving stimulus and respond to it correspondingly. I used to suppose t hat ‘being real to oneself’ simply meant going by the nature I am without needing to pay regard to the impact of the people in the group or society around me, thinking that the concept of self is understood just once in a lifetime. Along with this misconception is the belief that former foundations bear the sole responsibility of substantiating the self, yet by objective and subjective learning, formation of self-identity is apparently ceaseless and may not be confined only to a few aspects of growth. Until I had come to the point of ascertaining that ‘sense of self’ is yielded through evolutionary stages, it usually felt complicated to handle self-awareness and what the exact meaning is of a true self in the past. To this extent, I have thus realized by far that human interactions or communication schemes portray a huge role in creating a person’s identity which continues to evolve with time and socio-cultural influences. When I came across serious commitment and risks as a member of the team, I recall the time I struggled getting over a hard feeling toward the fact that while there were open-minded individuals, others bore tendencies at unnecessary argumentation, then I unconsciously allowed myself to seek alternatives to divert my unpleasant emotions for comfort. Out of having to cope with the difficulty of erasing deep-rooted sentiments that had gone through an intense motion,

The American food stamp program should continue and the World Food Term Paper

The American food stamp program should continue and the World Food Program should continue supporting and funding it - Term Paper Example erly people or the disabled.   In contrast with other means-tested initiatives that are specific to certain groups of low-income families/individuals, almost all low-income households can benefit from the program. This paper will attempt to explore and divulge the benefits of the program and why it deserves to be funded long-term; all this while the aim will be to defend and support the enthymeme that has been stated above. 1.0 Introduction According to Ohls & Beebout (2009), the food stamp program is an initiative of the American government that was initiated in 1989. Since then it has become a central component of America’s public assistance system that serves over 30 million participants of low income families and has outlays of over $25 billion. It is primarily meant to offer some form of assistance to low income families and low income households on the sole basis that they require financial aid to have meals and eat irrespective of age, race, creed, sex and disability (Ohls & Beebout, 2009). It is also viewed as the cornerstone of almost all nutrition aid programs initiated by the federal government, as well as being the core line of defense against poor nutrition, hunger and if necessary, starvation. The program helps s lower-income families acquire a variety of food products at retail (Slomba, 2008). It is also referred to (officially) as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), and there are two key aspects that are examined in order to determine one’s eligibility. These are assets and income (Ronald, 2007). The other criterion applied is the gross income redline, which is set at a certain percentage of the poverty level (usually 130%). In 2009, federal taxpayers contributed $56 billion towards the program, more than three times the $18... According to the research findings the food stamp program is an initiative of the American government that was initiated in 1989. Since then it has become a central component of America’s public assistance system that serves over 30 million participants of low income families and has outlays of over $25 billion. It is primarily meant to offer some form of assistance to low income families and low income households on the sole basis that they require financial aid to have meals and eat irrespective of age, race, creed, sex and disability. It is also viewed as the cornerstone of almost all nutrition aid programs initiated by the federal government, as well as being the core line of defense against poor nutrition, hunger and if necessary, starvation. The program helps s lower-income families acquire a variety of food products at retail. It is also referred to (officially) as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), and there are two key aspects that are examined in o rder to determine one’s eligibility. These are assets and income. The other criterion applied is the gross income redline, which is set at a certain percentage of the poverty level (usually 130%). In 2009, federal taxpayers contributed $56 billion towards the program, more than three times the $18 billion it cost them in 2000. Also in 2009, a household of four was guaranteed a maximum monthly stipend of $668. Currently, the number of beneficiaries is almost 30 million, marking a huge rise since the 17 million recorded in the year 2000.

Appropriate Climate Responsive Technologies for Inclusive Growth and Sustainable Development Essay Example for Free

Appropriate Climate Responsive Technologies for Inclusive Growth and Sustainable Development Essay Life is strange; we don’t know what would be the next moment of it? What will it bring to us? What will it take from us? If it will raise us to the top of our happiest moment or it will throw us in the dark of death? We only knew to respond its moves. Its human nature to keep hope for the best. We never ever think about the end of life, instead we always think about the most remarkable, comfortable easy-going journey of life. And to do this, we have been working since our very first scientific finding of Fire†¦ Change is being the law of nature, and we made it a habit to respond the change. We responded, but we forgot to respect it. Now, climate change is the most serious challenge human society has ever faced and everybody including business houses have already realized the gravity of the issue. Greed for the energy and power of the human society is leading to the emission of carbon right from the ancient time. And now we are suffering with climate change. Climate change is a global environmental problem which has been receiving intense political attention both at domestic and international levels. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC) defines ‘climate change’ as a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods. The major characteristics of climate change include rise in average global temperature, ice cap melting, changes in precipitation, and increase in ocean temperature leading to sea level rise. Precisely at a time when India is confronted with development imperatives, we have been severely impacted by climate change. Like other developed countries, several sections of Indian populance are not being able to buffer themselves from impacts of global warming. With close economic ties to natural resources and climate-sensitive sectors such as agriculture, water forestry, India is facing a major threat and requires serious adaptive capacity to combat climate change. As a developing country, India can little afford the rise economic backlashes that industrialized nations can. With 27. 5% of the population still below the poverty line, reducing vulnerability to the impacts of climate change is essential. Although not an emitter historically , India currently has one of the fastest growing economies in the world with a government target 8% GDP to achieve development priorities, a share of one sixth of the global population, and changing consumption patterns, India’s emissions are set to increase dramatically. The International Energy Agency predicts that India will become the third largest emitter of greenhouse gases by as early as 2015. Besides this, developing countries are still emitting carbon greenhouse gases at higher rates, contributing to the climate changes. Use of the fossile fuels, coal at large extent is the basic reason for the carbon emission. Power sector is 28. 9% of greenhouse gas emission, while domestic sector where coal LPG, wood kerosene are being used as fuel is contributing 6. 4% followed by industrial sector 12. % and construction sector 9. 7 %( required for production of steel, cement brick, etc. ) Technology simply means the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, has a very vital role in the strategies to mitigate climate change. In 1987, the United Nations released the Brundtland Report, which included what is now one of the most widely recognized definitions: Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The World commission on Environment Development has defined ‘Sustainable Development’ as balancing the fulfillment of the human needs with protection of the natural environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but in the indefinite future. In simple words, we want a development which lasts for the infinite time without any harm to the nature as well as society. The word sustainable has been used in too many situations today, and ecological sustainability is one of those terms that confuse a lot of people. You hear about sustainable development, sustainable growth, sustainable economies, sustainable societies, and sustainable agriculture. Everything is sustainable. The term ‘Inclusive growth’ includes the overall development of population with correct wealth distribution, development of poor underprivileged , and deprived part of society by way of providing education for all, better agriculture production, and industrial development. Inclusive growth by its very definition implies an equitable allocation of resources with benefits incurred to every section of the society. But the allocation of resources must be focused on the intended short and long term benefits of the society such as availability of consumer goods, people access, employment, standard of living etc. It sets a direct relationship between macro and micro determinant of the economy and its growth. The micro dimension includes the structural transformation of the society and macro dimension includes the country’s gross national product (GNP) and gross domestic product (GDP). To maintain rapid and sustainable growth is some time very difficult this is because resources vapourises during the allocation and may give rise to negative externality such as rise in corruption which is major problem in the developing nation. But however it has created an environment of equality in opportunity in all dimension of livelihood. Such as employment creation, market, consumption, production, and has created a platform for people who are poor to access good standard of living. If we focus on the inequality between poor and rich household in a country we can reach to an optimal solution so that we can minimize the difference.

New World Travelers: Similar Themes But Different Purposes In Travel W

Travel writers or adventurers all write pieces that deal with the same premise: the discovery and experience of the New World. However, in their writing, it is evident that there is an ulterior motive in mind. These motives or purposes can be classified in two broad categories: to persuade people to come to the new world and to warn people of the dangers they may encounter in the new world. It is easy to explore these themes by paying particular attention a couple of notorious writers: Christopher Columbus, Bartolome De Las Casas, and John Smith. When reading pieces by writers involved in the exploration and settlement on the new world, it is important to keep in mind the audience they were targeting. These pieces were not published in America, but rather were transmitted in Europe, published and read by a widespread European audience. Additionally, these travelers were paid by the government to propagandize the new world and entice readers to want to visit or settle there. With that in place, it is easy to understand how a major purpose for travel writers would be to advertise the new world. Christopher Columbus's letters were considered one of the first reports of the New World. Columbus landed in the West Indies but thought that he was in India. He portrays his surroundings with a conquistador mentality, in that he says the people are savages, and he has taken command of them and they admire him greatly. In "Letter to Luis de Santagel Regarding the First Voyage", he talks about the richness and beauty of the New World using very descriptive imagery and planting the picture of natural abundance in the readers mind. He describes the land, the mountains, the terrain, the animals, birds, and people in such a mann... ... the Christian against the native. His writing reads as a preaching, making it seem like propaganda. Adventurers and travel writers all wrote works with differences in focus, theme and scope, but in the case of Smith, Columbus, and De Las Casas, the themes were similar, even if the purpose behind the argument was different. Works Cited Baym, Nina, ed. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc, 2003. Columbus, Christopher. "Letter to Luis de Santangel Regarding the First Voyage (February 15, 1493)." Baym 34-36. Las Casas, Bartolome. "The Very Brief Relation of the Devastation of the Indies." Baym 39-40. Smith, John. "A Description of New England." Baym 114-118. Smith, John. "The General history of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles." Baym 105-114.

A Streetcar Named Desire

Williams also reinforces his implied themes with many motifs and symbols, such as music, drunkenness, and bathing. Towards the end of scene three, Blanche turns on the radio and â€Å"waltzes to the music with romantic gestures [while Mitch imitates] like a dancing bear† (57). Because Blanche is accustomed to her insanity, which is represented by the Varsouviana Polka, she is able to move along with the music fine while Mitch, who is accustomed to reality (and has primitive traits), is unable to gracefully match Blanche’s movements and grace. Not only does the Polka music represent Blanche’s descent into insanity, but also tends to appear at moments when she is in a state of panic. Secondly, drunkenness is a major symbol throughout the play. Stanley states that â€Å"[one thing that] belongs on a poker table [is] whiskey† while Blanche lies and says â€Å"[she isn’t] accustomed to having more than one drink† (54). Stanley and the men seem to drink for social reasons, and they sometimes end up becoming violent or barbaric. Blanche, however, seems to drink in an almost anti-social manner while keeping it a secret, and the results of her drunkenness usually end up causing her to deceive herself. Although the author never states the illness that Blanche is eventually diagnosed with, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a guide used by modern day psychologists to classify types of mental disorders, would classify her as a paranoid schizophrenic. In addition to music and drunkenness, bathing also is an important symbol that is implanted into the play, which is evident when Stanley becomes violent and his friends bath him with â€Å"the water . . on full tilt [and later] comes out of the bathroom [and] breaks into sobs† (59). Because he was violent (and drunk), Stanley’s friends cleanse him of his bad actions with water. He then comes out of the bathroom afterwards and feels regretful, calling out to his love and wanting to be forgiven. Throughout the history of the world and its culture, men and women have had gender-based roles in society which usually portrays men as being primitive and lacking emotion while portraying women as being more delicate and fragile. Such depictions can be seen in a work of Tennessee Williams, A Streetcar Named Desire, which is based on a woman’s false beliefs that slowly lead her into a descent of insanity. Throughout scene three, many subtle cues embedded into Tennessee’s work, which include lighting, stage directions, colors and more are used to help portray the traits of certain characters and especially Blanche Du Bois’ inability to overcome reality. In conclusion, Tennessee Williams uses many motifs and symbols in his works of literature, with A Streetcar Named Desire being a very prime example. You can read also  Similarities and Conflicts in † a Streetcar Named Desire† Primitiveness and fantasy’s inability to overcome reality are represented in many things including lighting, music, colors, drinking, and even bathing. Tennessee Williams uses setting, lighting, and costumes to reinforce theme by describing the setting and events in the rawest and most articulate manner, which gives readers a detailed and symbolic image of the content in scene three including the primitiveness of men and fantasy’s inability to overcome reality. When the author first describes the setting, he states that the men are â€Å"at the peak of their physical manhood, as coarse and direct and powerful as the primary colors† (45). Because the men are very up-front and â€Å"coarse,† Tennessee reinforces the theme of the primitive and the primal by describing the physique and status of the men at the poker table. He also compares them to the primary colors, which helps back up the description of their rawness and vigor. Secondly, Tennessee Williams uses lighting to help give the readers more insight on the novel. For example, when Mitch and Blanche are together in the room, she tells him to â€Å"put [the new lamp shade she just bought] over [a] light bulb† (55). Although Blanche lets many people see her in daylight, she only allows Mitch to see her in dimly-lit areas and even lies to him about many things including her age because she likes him and doesn’t want him to discover her slowly fading beauty. The theme being inferred here, fantasy’s inability to overcome reality, is also represented by Blanche’s past haunting her due to the death of her husband, the loss of her Old Southern family estate, and her dismissal from work due to an improper affair with a student. Lastly, the themes of both the primitive/primal and Blanches inability to overcome reality are represented in the author’s choice of costume assignment, which is evident when Blanche is dressing and â€Å"stands in her pink silk brassiere and white skirt in the light through the portieres† (51). Unlike the men in the novel, who are portrayed in colors that are raw and primary, the absence of primitiveness is shown in the many descriptions of Blanche’s pastel-colored clothing. The silhouette that also appears as Blanche stands in the light of the portieres also helps create the foundation of Blanche’s fantasy world (the darkness of the silhouette) that is enclosed and trapped by reality (the light around her). A Streetcar Named Desire A Streetcar Named Desire is one of the most famous and noted plays in American history. The play was written by Tennessee Williams and won him the 1948 Pulitzer Prize for Drama (Spoto, 1997).The main characters of the story, Blanche DuBois, Stanley Kowalski and Stella Kowalski represent the social and personal conflicts of post-war American society. One of the most interesting elements in the play that contributed to the success of the play is the manner by which each of the character’s perspectives and illusions are used to bring insight to the reality.Naturalism was depicted in the play by incorporating existing social conditions, language and through references to events, personalities and issues. This is evident in the backgrounds and demeanors of characters and in the manner of their interactions. Another factor that represents naturalist elements to the play is the use of developing sciences and issues into the story such as Stella’s nervous condition, Stanleyâ₠¬â„¢s involvement with the growing violence and vice of the city and   Blanche's rape and nervous breakdown.Another use of naturalism in the play is seen in the lack of dramatic role reversals among the characters and instead the characters are portrayed as individuals simply with lives that can go beyond their ability to control (Williams & Miller, 2004).Another factor that has contributed to the appeal of the play was because of the ease of reference with audience. The main reason for this is the realism of the characters. Blanche’s situation of having to leave the South was a common to the era as economics became an issue in the region. Stella represented common issues regarding rights and independence being raised for women.Stanley represented the stiff challenges of the city which requires aggressiveness and dominance. Though the characters are representations of social segments, Williams gave them their individual idiosyncrasies and vulnerabilities which made persons to the audience.ReferencesSpoto, Donald (1997). The Kindness of Strangers: The Life of Tennessee Williams. Chicago: Da Capo PublishingWilliams, Tennessee and Miller, Arthur (2004). A Streetcar Named Desire. New York: New Directions Publishing Corporation.  

Inhumanity of War Essay

In the novel All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque, one follows the life of Paul Baumer, a private in the German military in World War 1. He and his friends try to survive as the people around them get slaughtered. Slowly one by one his friends die while the others fight for their own lives. This is a war with many inhumane actions that lead to unnecessary death or injury. In the story many inhumane actions spark guilt within a character, causing a humane action to be done in response. The slow inhumane death of Kemmerich, Paul’s best friend, lead him to lie to Kemmerich’s mom about his death due to the guilt he would feel for her reaction and sadness. Kemmerich’s death was slow and painful. It involved getting his leg amputated, â€Å"‘He has a flesh wound in his thigh; a good blighty†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Kemmerich raises himself off the pillow with his elbow, ‘They’ve amputated my leg (6, 27).’† He had been shot and had his leg amputated when it wasn’t his war to fight. He should not have had to suffer with the hundreds of other innocent lives. The leaders of the countries should be fighting their argument out themselves; not put thousands of men’s lives at risk. Kemmerich should not have to die for something he didn’t start. Also what was meant to save him killed him. He died in the hospital, not on the front. He died in the place where he should be mended, not killed. When Paul goes home on leave he visits Kemmerich’s mom to give details of how he had died so she could have some closure and know he went with dignity: â€Å"I tell her he was shot through the heart and died instantaneously†¦I will never tell her, she can make mincemeat out of me first (180-181).† If Paul had told her the truth he would feel exceptionally guilty because Kemmerich is his best friend, and Paul was not there when Kemmerich was shot. He also could not tell his mom that he died in the hospital because he should have been saved there, and then she would know how close her son was to being saved and being able to spend time with her. Also she would know that Kemmerich had not died in battle, but died slowly behind the front in a hospital because of infection not by a bullet, which is not how one would like to picture their son dying in war. She would know that he suffered before he died. The inhumane injury of the horses, and everyone just listening to them suffer caused Detering to go mad with guilt for the horses and try to put them out of their misery. There had just been a battle and many of the horses had been injured: â€Å"It’s unendurable. It is the moaning of the world, it is the martyred creation, wild with anguish, filled with terror and groaning†¦ We are pale. Detering stands up, ‘For gods sake shoot them†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ ‘They must take care of the men first’† (62-63). The soldiers are ignoring the soldier’s cries and Detering wants to kill the horses. The horses don’t even realize what they’re involved in. They can’t even speak German. As the soldiers are fighting a battle they are not responsible for; at least they have an idea what it is all about. The horses do not. They don’t even know what they’re meant to be doing, or what is happening to them. They do not deserve to be in the war, or to die for its cause, so when they’re injured without any hope of survival, no one will put them out of their misery. It’s barbaric. He gets his rifle, but is batted down. He feels as if he has failed because he could not save or kill the horses. All he can do is watch them suffer. It tears him apart because it is not his nature. Detering is a farmer and cares more for animals than he does people, so to sit and listen to these cries drives him crazy, for he loves them so much. Why can’t a soldier near them hand off the man they are caring for for a second, so they can kill the horses and put them out of their misery. It’s incredibly simple and much more humane than listening to them suffer as they trip over their intestines. Detering is the humane person for at least trying to kill them and for considering them for a second, whilst everyone else is being extremely selfish. The inhumane torture used to dissuade the Germans for using the saw-bayonets led to the humane reaction of Paul and his company not using them, and giving people that had them regular bayonets. They stopped using them for the guilt they would feel if a young clueless man was to be tortured for something he didn’t even know about. The Germans had just moved forward when found out why Germans were being brutally tortured: â€Å"If the fellows over there catch a man with one of those he’s killed at sight†¦ some of our men were found whose noses were cut off and their eyes poked out with their own saw-bayonets. Their mouths and noses were stuffed with sawdust so that they suffocated† (103). The French tortured these men because they were using the German saw blade-bayonet, which hacked apart the French brutally. The French only tortured them because they were using these bayonets inhumanely. The Germans however were just following orders. They did not have the choice of which bayonets they were using. They were being tortured for something that was above them. They did not know how the use of the bayonets would affect the French. The French tortured the wrong people. When Paul sees other recruits he quickly gets to them and takes their bayonets away: â€Å"Some of the recruits have bayonets of this sort; we take them away and give them the ordinary kind (104).† They do this because they know the recruits don’t know any better and, they do not deserve to be tortured so brutally. Also, the bayonets aren’t very useful anymore. They get stuck in people. Paul knows that if he didn’t switch the recruits’ bayonets for the regular one he would be torturing them himself. When he would hear of their torture he would know it was his fault and he knew he could have stopped it if he took the time. So he switched them to avoid the extreme guilt he would feel for sending a man to a torturous death, and devastating a young man’s family. He was saving these men’s lives without being asked. He was going out of his way and against orders to make sure these men would not be tortured. In the story humane actions are sparked from guilt in response to inhumane actions having to do with Kemmerich’s death, Injury of the Horses, and the torture of the Germans. This is very similar if an animal is abused it sometimes is killed after being rescued. They do this for the animal’s own good. If they let him live he may not trust anyone and harm others. Then he would be put down anyway. Also, he is hurt or injured he will not trust a veterinarian to help him so is just put out of his misery before trying. If there is no chance for something to live or an animal to survive with society or in the wild, it should just be put down to stop the creature from going through the stress it would go through for it will most likely suffer or get killed anyway.